1. Shopping List Program

shopping_list = ['milk', 'bread', 'eggs']

Explanation

• A list is used to store multiple items.
• shopping_list is the variable name.
• The list contains:
  • milk
  • bread
  • eggs

So the list looks like:

['milk', 'bread', 'eggs']

shopping_list.append('butter')

Explanation

• append() is used to add a new item at the end of the list.
• Here, "butter" is added.

Now the list becomes:

['milk', 'bread', 'eggs', 'butter']

print(shopping_list)

Explanation

• print() displays output on the screen.

Output:

['milk', 'bread', 'eggs', 'butter']

shopping_list.remove('bread')

Explanation

• remove() deletes an item from the list.
• Here, "bread" is removed.

Now the list becomes:

['milk', 'eggs', 'butter']

print(shopping_list)

Explanation

This prints the updated list.

Output:

['milk', 'eggs', 'butter']

2. Dictionary of Countries and Capitals

countries_capitals = {
    'USA': 'Washington, D.C.',
    'France': 'Paris',
    'Japan': 'Tokyo',
    'Germany': 'Berlin',
    'Brazil': 'Brasília'
}

Explanation

• A dictionary stores data in key : value pairs.
• Here:
  • Country = Key
  • Capital = Value

Example:

'USA': 'Washington, D.C.'

means:

• USA is the country
• Washington, D.C. is its capital

The dictionary stores 5 countries and their capitals.

print(countries_capitals)

Explanation

This prints the complete dictionary.

Output:

{
'USA': 'Washington, D.C.',
'France': 'Paris',
'Japan': 'Tokyo',
'Germany': 'Berlin',
'Brazil': 'Brasília'
}

3. Finding Common Elements Using Set

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
list2 = [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

Explanation

Two lists are created.

• list1 contains:

  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  

• list2 contains:

  [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
  

common_elements = set(list1) & set(list2)

Explanation

Step 1: Convert lists into sets

set(list1)

becomes:

{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

and

set(list2)

becomes:

{4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

Step 2: Find common values

The symbol & means intersection in sets.

It finds values present in both sets.

Common values are:

{4, 5}

So:

common_elements = {4, 5}

print(common_elements)

Explanation

This prints the common elements.

Output:

{4, 5}

Final Output of Whole Program

['milk', 'bread', 'eggs', 'butter']
['milk', 'eggs', 'butter']
{'USA': 'Washington, D.C.', 'France': 'Paris', 'Japan': 'Tokyo', 'Germany': 'Berlin', 'Brazil': 'Brasília'}
{4, 5}

Simple Concepts Used